ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade de remediação do DEET em meio líquido, pelo fungo de decomposição branca Pleurotus ostreatus usando como indutor enzimático os resíduos sólidos do cacau e realizar bioensaios de toxicidade com as amostras pós-tratamento, para aplicações em tratamentos de águas. Método: Foi realizada a produção enzimática com resíduos do Cacau. A biorremediação com o caldo enzimático foi realizada em erlenmeyers de 250mL, contendo a solução do composto, tampão acetato de sódio pH 5 e o caldo batata, incubados à 28°C, com rotação de 120 rpm, por 48 horas. Já com o fungo ativo, o mesmo foi incubado a 28 ºC e teve em seu meio a adição do composto. As amostras foram quantificados em Cromatografia líquida de alta performance (CLAE). O teste de adsorção foi feito com o fungo autoclavado e analisado após 14 dias. Resultado: O composto se apresentou possivelmente tóxico e a remediação mostrou uma tendência linear de degradação com o fungo de 39%. Conclusão: Pleurotus ostreatus é um candidato promissor para o tratamento de contimanações geradas por DEET.
Objective: We evaluated the remediation capacity of DEET in liquid medium by the white decomposition fungus Pleurotus ostreatus using the solid residues of cocoa as an enzymatic inducer and performed toxicity bioassays with the post-treatment samples, for water treatment applications. Method: Enzymatic production with cocoa residues was performed. Bioremediation with the enzyme broth was performed in a 250mL erlenmeyer flasks, containing the solution of the compound, sodium acetate buffer pH 5 and the potato broth, incubated at 28 °C, with rotation of 120 rpm, for 48 hours. With the active fungus, the same was incubated at 28 ºC and had in its culture medium the addition of the compound. The samples were quantified in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The adsorption test was performed with the autoclaved fungus and analyzed after 14 days. Results: The compound was possibly toxic and the remediation showed a linear tendency of degradation of 39% with the fungus. Conclusion: Pleurotus ostreatus is a promising candidate for the treatment of contaminants generated by DEET.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidABSTRACT
O uso de fungos na descoloração de corantes com métodos economicamente viáveis de produção de água bacteriologicamente segura há muito vem sendo descrito por diversos autores. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a eficiência da remoção de corante artificial FD&C azul no 2 Indigotina, com uso do fungo de degradação branca Trametes versicolor em combinação com a filtração lenta. Para a realização dos trabalhos, foram instalados dois protótipos de filtros lentos denominados FL-A e FL-B - no sobrenadante do filtro FL-A foi inoculado o referido fungo, e o filtro FL-B foi utilizado como controle (sem inoculação do microrganismo). O melhor percentual de remoção do corante pelo fungo Trametes versicolor em combinação com a filtração lenta foi de 44,74% 24 horas após a atividade máxima registrada de lacase. Os resultados mostraram que a filtração lenta combinada com o tratamento com o fungo T. versicolor não apresenta grande potencial para remoção de cor em 21 dias de tratamento, visto que os produtos microbianos gerados interferem no processo de filtração, diminuindo a eficiência do processo físico. Entretanto, restringindo o tempo de tratamento a 24 horas após a atividade enzimática máxima, o tratamento combinado apresentou boa eficiência.
The use of fungi in the decolorization of dyes with economically viable methods of producing bacteriologically safe water has long been described by several authors. This study aimed to investigate the removal efficiency of artificial coloring FD&C Blue no 2 Indigo, using the degradation white fungus Trametes versicolor in combination with slow sand filtration. Two prototype filters slowly termed FL-A and FL-B were installed - the supernatant water of filter FL-A was inoculated with the fungus, while filter FL-B was used as control. The best percentage of dye removal by the fungus Trametes versicolor in combination with the slow sand filtration was 44.74% achieved 24 hours after the maximum laccase activity. The results show that the combination of the fungus T. versicolor with slow sand filtration treatment presents no great potential for color removal at 21 days of treatment, whereas microbial products generated interfere with the filtration process, lowering the efficiency of the physical process. However, with the restriction of the handling time into 24 hours after the maximum enzymatic activity, combined treatment showed good efficiency.
ABSTRACT
Tyrosinase is an enzyme of industrial interest. The production and characterization of tyrosinase from P. sanguineus CCT-4518 were investigated. The selection of inductors, luminosity influence, inoculum size and type of culture medium on the production of tyrosinase and the effect of inhibitors on enzyme activity were performed. Optimum conditions for intracellular tyrosinase production was observed after 2 days using 0.15% L-tyrosine as inducer, in the presence of light, with inoculum size of 10 mycelium discs, using 2% malt extract broth medium, incubated at 30°C, and constant agitation of 150 rpm. Tyrosinase activity was completely inhibited by the addition of 6 mM salicylhydroxamic acid or phenylthiourea, however an inhibition of 4.15% was recorded by the addition of 0.1 mM sodium azide. No inhibition could be detected in case of 0.1 mM phenyl methanesulfonyl fluoride addition. Optimal conditions for intracellular tyrosinase activity using L-dopa as substrate were observed at pH 6.6 and 45°C. Thermal stability studies indicated that the enzyme is stable at 45°C for 15 minutes. Higher temperatures decreased tyrosinase activity. Enzyme production was confirmed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the protein profile was investigated by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Subject(s)
Phenylthiourea/analysis , Phenylthiourea/isolation & purification , Enzyme Inhibitors/analysis , Monophenol Monooxygenase/analysis , Monophenol Monooxygenase/isolation & purification , Electrophoresis , Enzyme ActivationABSTRACT
O risco ambiental decorrentes da geração de resíduos tem aumentado com o progresso tecnológico, bem como com o aumento populacional. Destacam-se, neste contexto, os riscos potenciais decorrentes da rotina de indústrias químico-farmacêuticas, bem como de laboratórios de ensino e pesquisa associados. Por esta razão, vários projetos visando à otimização do tratamento de resíduos industriais e/ou laboratoriais vêm sendo propostos. A presente revisão apresenta uma síntese das estratégias implantadas no sentido de minimizar ou solucionar problemas relacionados ao manejo dos resíduos, provenientes de indústrias, instituições de pesquisa e ensino, entre outros potenciais geradores de resíduos. Apresentam-se as diretrizes legais mais gritantes e alguns aspectos técnicos relacionados à segregação, acondicionamento, tratamento e descarte final destes resíduos.
The environmental risks from waste production has arisen with the technological progress, as well as with the world population increase. The risks from the industrial or academic routines in pharmaceutical or fine chemical plants and projects are remarkable. For this reason, many projects focusing on the optimization of waste treatment in these places have been proposed. This paper, reviews some of the main strategies introduced, in order to solve or decrease the problems, in the management of pharmaceutical-chemical wastes in industry, universities, among other potential kind of waste generators. The main regulatory and technical aspects, associated to segregation, packaging, treatment and final disposal of these wastes are presented.